I-Acetonitrile: Sincibilikisi Lesisebentako Nesisebenti Sekuhlanganisa Tintfo Letiphilako
Tindzawo Letinkhulu Tesicelo
Ekuhlaziyeni kwemakhemikhali, i-acetonitrile yintfo levame kusetjentiswa yekuhlatiya lokusezingeni lelisetulu kwekuhlatiya emanti (HPLC) kanye nekuhlatiya igesi (GC). Inekuncibilika lokuhle kanye nekuncibilika lokuphansi, kuncibilikisa ngemphumelelo tinhlobonhlobo tetintfo letiphilako naletingaphili kwentela kuniketa imiphumela lecacile yekuhlatiya. iAcetonitrile iphindze isetjentiswe kulungisa tisombululo letijwayelekile kanye netintfo letimanti tekulinganisa, kucinisekisa kuciniseka kanye nekwetsembeka kwekuhlatiya.
Ekuhlanganisweni kwetilwane, i-acetonitrile iyinhlanganisela lebalulekile futsi lesemkhatsini. Ingancibilikisa tinhlobonhlobo tetinhlanganisela tetilwane, kuniketa indzawo lecinile yekuphendvula kwemakhemikhali. Sibonelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwetintfo letitsite letisemkhatsini temitsi kanye netinhlanganisela teliphunga, i-acetonitrile ingasebenta njengesincibilikisi kwentela kukhutsata kuphendvula. Ngetulu kwaloko, i-acetonitrile ingahlanganyela ekusabeleni lokutsite kwemakhemikhali kwentela kukhicita emakhompawundi lanemisebenti letsite. Sibonelo, i-acetonitrile ingahamba ngekuphendvula kwekufaka esikhundleni se-nucleophilic nelicembu layo le-cyano kwentela kukhicita i-amine lehambisanako noma emakhompawundi etjwala.
Embonini yemitsi, i-acetonitrile isetjentiswa kakhulu ekuhlanganisweni kwetidzakamiva kanye netinchubo tekuhlanjululwa. Ingancibilikisa tinhlobonhlobo tetidzakamiva letihamba embili kanye netisemkhatsini, kwenta kube lula kusebenta kahle kwemakhemikhali. Sibonelo, ekuhlanganisweni kwemitsi letsite yekubulala emagciwane kanye nemitsi yenhlitiyo, i-acetonitrile ingasebenta njengesincibilikisi kwentela kukhulisa emazinga ekuphendvula kanye nekukhicita. Ngekwengeta, i-acetonitrile ingasetjentiswa ku crystallization yetidzakamiva kanye nekuhlanjululwa kwentela kucinisekisa kuhlanteka kwetidzakamiva kanye nelizinga.
Emkhakheni weliphunga kanye netimonyo, i-acetonitrile isetjentiselwa kuhlanganiswa kanye nekuhlanjululwa kwetinhlanganisela teliphunga. Ingasetjentiswa kukhipha tincenye teliphunga lemvelo, njengemafutsa labalulekile etitjalweni. Ngekwengeta, i-acetonitrile ingasetjentiswa kuhlanganisa emakhompawundi emakha lanemaphunga lahlukile emakha kanye netimonyo.
Emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi, i-acetonitrile isetjentiswa njengendlela yekuhlanta kanye nesincibilikisi. Ingasusa ngemphumelelo tinsalela kanye nekungcola kusuka ebusweni betincenye te-elekthronikhi, kucinisekisa kuhlanteka kanye nekusebenta kwetintfo te-elekthronikhi. Sibonelo, ekukhiciteni ema-semiconductor, i-acetonitrile ingasetjentiswa kuhlanta indzawo yema-wafer, kususa tinsalela te-photoresist kanye naletinye tintfo letingcolile.
Noma ngabe kusetjentiswa kwayo lokuningi, i-acetonitrile iyagucugucuka futsi inebuthi, futsi kusetjentiswa kwayo kanye nekugcinwa kwayo kudzinga tinyatselo leticinile tekuphepha. I-Acetonitrile ihhwamuka kalula emoyeni, ngako kufanele isetjentiswe endzaweni lenemoya lofanele. Ngekwengeta, tisombululo te acetonitrile tinebuthi ngandlela tsite, futsi tintfo tekuvikela letifanele kumele tigcotjwe ngesikhatsi sekusetjentiswa kwentela kugwema kutsintsana nesikhumba namehlo. Ekukhiciteni kwetimboni, kusetjentiswa kwe acetonitrile kuvame kwenteka etinhlelo letivaliwe kwentela kunciphisa umtselela wemvelo.
Tincazelo
| Ligama Lemkhicito | I-Acethonitrile | |||||||||
| Ifomula Yemakhemikhali | C2H3N | |||||||||
| Sisindvo Semamolekhyuli | 41.05 g/moli | |||||||||
| Kuvela | Luketshezi lolusobala lolute umbala | |||||||||
| Liphuzu Lekuncibilika | -45.7°C | |||||||||
| Liphuzu Lekubila | 81.6°C | |||||||||
| Kuminyana | 0.003 g/sentimitha3 | |||||||||
| CAS CHA | 75-05-80. | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 2926909090 | |||||||||
| CHA | 200-835-200. | |||||||||
| Sicelo | Isetjentiswa ekuhlanganisweni kwetilwane, kukhishwa, imitsi lesemkhatsini, kanye nekuhlatiya kwe chromatographic. | |||||||||
Liphepha Lekulawula Lizinga
| Ligama Lemkhicito | I-Acethonitrile | ||||||
| INTFO | STANDARD (Lizinga leliphakeme) | LINANI LEKUVIVINYWA (%) | |||||
| Emayunithi e-HaZen | 10 | 10 | |||||
| Kuminyana | 0.5 | 0.003 g/sentimitha3 | |||||
| Kuhlanteka/%≥ | 99.9 | 99.94 | |||||
| Umswakama/%≤ | 0.030 | 0.029 | |||||
| I-Asithoni/%≤ | 25 | ||||||
| I-akhrilonithayili/%≤ | 25 | ||||||
| I-Amoniya/%≤ | 6 | 1.1 | |||||
| Esidi (njenge esidi ye-acetic)/≤ | 50 | 1.8 | |||||
| Litfusi/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.001 | |||||
| Insimbi/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.003 g/sentimitha3 | |||||
| Libanga lekubila (ku 0.10133 MPa) °C | 81,0-82,0 | 81,6-82,0 | |||||
Ngalokufishane
Ngalokufishane, i-acetonitrile, njengentfo lebalulekile yemakhemikhali laphilako kanye nesincibilikisi, idlala indzima lebalulekile etimbonini letiningi. Akugcini nje ngekutfutfukisa kusebenta kahle kanye nekukhicita kwekuphendvula kwemakhemikhali kepha kuphindze kusekele kutfutfukiswa kwemboni yesimanje. Ngekuchubeka kwebuchwepheshe, ematfuba ekusetjentiswa kwe-acetonitrile atawuba makhulu kakhulu.