Umhlaba wonkhe - I-Propylene Glycol Lehamba Embili: Ikhompawundi Lephilako Lesebenta Ngetindlela Letinyenti

Timphahla Letibonakalako Netemakhemikhali

Kubukeka Neliphunga: I-propylene glycol ivela njengentfo lengenambala, lebonakalako, futsi lenamatima. Inekunambitseka lokuncane lokumnandzi futsi icishe ingabi neliphunga, lokwenta kutsi ilungele kusetjentiswa lapho khona kudzingeka iphrofayli yekuzwa lengatsatsi luhlangotsi.

Kuncibilika: Ikhombisa kuhlangana lokuhle kakhulu, ikhona kuhlangana ngalokuphelele nemanti, i-ethanol, i-ether, i-acetone, i-chloroform, kanye naletinye tintfo letiningi letiphilako. Le mpahla ikuvumela kutsi isebente njengesincibilikisi lesiphumelelako kanye ne-emulsifier ekwakhiweni lokuhlukahlukene.

Tintfo Letibalulekile Letibonakalako: Ngesisindvo se molar lesingu 76.09 g/mol, iPropylene glycol inesisindvo lesicishe sibe ngu 1.036 g/cm3 ku 25°C, lokucijile kancane kunemanti. Indzawo yayo yekuncibilika ngu - 59°C, leyenta kutsi ihlale isesimeni sekuba ngumanti kuyoyonkhe indzawo lebanti yekushisa. Lendzawo yekubila ime ku 188.2°C ngaphansi kwemfutfo lojwayelekile, lokukhombisa kusimama kwayo ngesikhatsi sekushisa lokujwayelekile kwemvelo. Lendzawo yekukhanya iphakeme kakhulu, icishe ibe ngu 99°C (ivaliwe - inkomishi), kunciphisa ingoti yekuvutsa ngengoti.

Kuphendvula Kwemakhemikhali: Njenge diol, i-propylene glycol ingahlanganyela ekusebentiseni emakhemikhali lahlukahlukene lajwayelekile emacembu etjwala. Ingakha ema esters uma ihlangana ne carboxylic acids, lokubalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwemikhicito leminyenti yetimboni kanye neyebatsengisi. Ngekwengeta, ingahle ibe nekuphendvula kwekuphelelwa ngemanti ngaphansi kwetimo letitsite, lokuholela ekwakhiweni kwema ethers lajikeletako langekhatsi noma ema polymers lasemkhatsini wema molecule.

Tindzawo Tekufaka Sicelo

Imboni Yekudla Nekunatsa: Propylene glycol ukhonza imisebenti leminyenti kulo mkhakha. Isebenta njenge humectant, isita kugcina umswakama kumikhicito yekudla lefana netimphahla letibhakiwe, ema confectioneries, kanye netintfo telibisi, ngaleyondlela kwelula lishelufu labo - imphilo kanye nekugcina kucina. Njengesincibilikisi, sisetjentiselwa kuncibilikisa tinongo, imibala, kanye netintfo letilondvolotako, kucinisekisa kusabalalisa lokufanako ekwakhiweni kwekudla kanye nekwekunatsa. Sibonelo, kuvame kutfolakala etinongo letimanti tetiphuzo letinongotelako kanye nekutfwala emafutsa labalulekile emikhicitweni yekudla. Iphindze ivunywe njengentfo lengetiwe ekudleni (E1520) eEuropean Union, futsi ivame kutsatfwa njengalephephile (GRAS) yi US Food and Administration (FDA) uma isetjentiswa ngekhatsi kwemikhawulo lebekiwe.

Imboni Yemitsi: Emitsi, i-propylene glycol idlala indzima lebalulekile. Isetjentiswa kakhulu njengesincibilikisi semitsi lengancibiliki kalula emantini, kwenta kubelula kwakheka kwayo ibe yimitsi yemlomo, yekujovwa, kanye neyekufakwa ngetulu. Sibonelo, emitsini leminyenti lesemantini yemlomo, ipropylene glycol isita kuncibilikisa titsako temitsi letisebentako, kucinisekisa umthamo lonembile. Ekwakhiweni kwetindzawo letifana nemakhilimu kanye nemafutsa, isebenta njenge humectant kanye nekukhutsata kungena, kwenta ncono kutsatsa sikhumba imitsi. Iphindze ibe naletinye tintfo tekulwa nemagciwane kanye nekulwa netikhunta, lokufaka sandla ekugcineni imikhicito yemitsi.

Timonyo Nekunakekela Umuntfu: I-Propylene glycol sitsako lesiyinhloko eluhlelweni lolukhulu lwetimonyo kanye nemikhicito yekunakekela umuntfu. Emikhicitweni yekunakekela sikhumba lefana nema moisturizers, ema serums, kanye nekuhlanta, isebenta njenge humectant, idvonsa umswakama emoyeni bese iyawubopha esikhumbeni, ngaleyondlela igcine sikhumba sinemswakama. Timphahla tayo tekuncibilikisa tiyenta kutsi incibilikise tintfo letehlukene letisebentako kanye nemakha, kucinisekisa kusabalalisa kwato lokulinganako emikhicitweni. Iphindze isetjentiswe emikhicitweni yekunakekela tinwele njenge shampoos kanye ne conditioners kwenta ncono kucina kwato kanye nekusita ekuletseni tintfo letizuzisako ku shaft yetinwele. Kupholishi yetipikili, ipropylene glycol isebenta njengepulasitiki, kuvikela lepholishi kutsi ingaphuki futsi ingaphuki kalula.

Ticelo Tetimboni: I-Propylene glycol iyincenye lebalulekile ekukhiciteni tintfo letehlukene tetimboni. Kuyintfo lebalulekile leluhlata ekuhlanganisweni kwema resin e polyester langagcwali, lasetjentiswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwe fiberglass - emapulasitiki lacinisiwe. Lamapulasitiki atfola kusetjentiswa etimbonini letifana netimoto, kwakha, kanye nelwandle, ngenca yemandla awo lamakhulu - kuya - esilinganisweni sesisindvo kanye nekumelana nekugcola. Emkhakheni wetimoto, ipropylene glycol - lesekelwe ku antifreeze kanye nekwakheka kwekupholisa kusetjentiswa kulawula lizinga lekushisa letinjini, kuvikela kushisa kakhulu kanye nekubandza. Iphindze isebente njenge solvent kanye ne carrier ku coatings, inki, kanye nekunamatsela, kwenta ncono kusebenta kwato kanye netimphahla tekusebenta.

Tindlela Tekulungiselela

Kuhlanganiswa kwemanti nge-Epoxy Propane: Lena ngulenye yetindlela letivame kakhulu tetimboni. Kulenchubo, i-epoxy propane (i-propylene oxide) ihlangana nemanti lapho kunesikhutsati. Lokuphendvula kungenteka ngaphansi kwetimo letehlukene. Emantini lacondzile - indlela yekufaka emanti, kushisa lokusetulu (lokucishe kube ngu 150 - 200°C) kanye nekucindzeteleka (0.98 - 2.94 MPa) kuyasetjentiswa, ngesilinganiso se molar yemanti - kuya ku - epoxy propane levame kuba ngu 20. nge - imikhicito nayo iyakhicitwa. Lenye indlela yi esidi - i-hydrolysis lekhutsatako, lapho khona linani lelincane le-esidi lekhutsatako (njenge sulfuric acid) lingetwa. Lokuphendvula kwentiwa ngesikhatsi sekushisa lesiphansi (50 - 70°C), futsi lomkhicito lophumako udzinga kutsi ungatsatsi luhlangotsi futsi uhlanjululwe ngetinchubo letifana nekuvutsiwa kwe vacuum kwentela kutfola ipropylene glycol lesetulu - lehlantekile.

I-Glycerol Lekhutsata Kuhlanganiswa Kwemanti: I-Glycerol ingasetjentiswa njengentfo leluhlata kwentela kukhicita i-propylene glycol. Ngalendlela, iglycerol icala ngekutsi ibe ne protonation yemacembu ayo ehydroxyl, kulandzelwe kuphelelwa ngemanti ngekhatsi kwema molecule kwenta imikhicito lesemkhatsini lefana ne enols kanye ne keto - aldehyde tautomers. Lemikhicito lesemkhatsini ibese ihamba nge hydrogenation lapho kunesikhutsato (njengesikhutsato lesisekelwe etfusini), ekugcineni sikhicita 1,2 - propylene glycol. Lendlela inetinzuzo tekusebentisa kudla lokuvuselelwako (glycerol), lokungatfolakala emithonjeni lefana nekukhicita ibiodiesel.

Tindlela Tebuchwepheshe Betilwane: Letinye tintfo letincane, njengetinhlobo letitsite teligciwane kanye nemvubelo, tingakhicitwa ngebunjiniyela kutsi tikhicite ipropylene glycol ngetindlela tekuvubela. Sibonelo, ngekugucula ngekwelifa i-Escherichia coli noma i-Klebsiella pneumoniae, tingentiwa kutsi tigucule shukela (njenge glucose) noma i-glycerol ibe yi-propylene glycol. Lendlela ye biotechnology inebungani kakhulu nemvelo uma icatsaniswa netindlela temakhemikhali tendzabuko, njengoba isebenta ngaphansi kwetimo letilula futsi ingasebentisa imithombo ye carbon levuselelekako. Nomakunjalo, kukhicita kanye netindleko - kusebenta kwaletindlela kusesetindzawo telucwaningo lolusebentako kanye nekutfutfukisa.

Tinyatselo tekuvikela

Tintfo Leticatshangelwako Temphilo: Noma ipropylene glycol ivame kutsatfwa njengalephephile kutsi isetjentiswe ekudleni, emitsini, kanye netimonyo ngaphakatsi kwemikhawulo levunyiwe, kuveta lizinga leliphakeme noma kugwinya kungaba nemiphumela lemibi yetemphilo. Kugwinya kakhulu kungabangela timphawu letifana nekucansuka, kuhlanta, kanye nekusheka. Etimeni letimatima kakhulu, kungabangela i-metabolic acidosis, simo lapho umtimba ubutsela khona esidi lenyenti kakhulu. Kutsintsana kwesikhumba ne propylene glycol lecinile kungabangela kutfukutsela kulabanye bantfu, ikakhulu labo labanesikhumba lesibucayi. Kufanele kugwenywe kuveta sikhumba sikhatsi lesidze noma kuphindzaphindza. Uma isetjentiswa etindzaweni tetimboni, kufaka umoya kahle kuyadzingeka kwentela kuvikela kuphefumula umhwamuko we propylene glycol, njengoba kuphefumula lokusezingeni lelisetulu kungabangela kungakhululeki ekuphefumuleni.

Tingoti Temlilo Nekuqhuma: I-Propylene glycol iyavutsa, noma nje inendzawo lephakeme yekuvutsa. Umhwamuko wayo ungakha tihlanganisi letiqhumako nemoya ngaphansi kwetimo letitsite. Tindzawo tekugcina kanye nekuphatsa kumele tigcinwe khashane nemalangabi lavulekile, tinhlansi, kanye naletinye tintfo tekuvutsa. Titja tekugcina letimelana nemlilo kanye netintfo letifanele tekucindzetela umlilo kumele titfolakale etindzaweni lapho khona ipropylene glycol igcinwa noma isetjentiswa khona.
Umtselela Wemvelo: Ngesikhatsi ipropylene glycol ibola, kukhishwa lokukhulu - ngesikali endzaweni, ikakhulu etindzaweni letinemanti, kungaba nemtselela. Etinhlelo tetilwane letihlala emantini, ingadla umoya-mpilo njengoba ibola, lokungenteka kutsintse kuphila kwetilwane letihlala emantini. Ngakoke, kulawulwa kwemfucuza lokufanele kanye netindlela tekugcina kumele tibekhona kwentela kuvikela kukhishwa lokungalawuleki kwe propylene glycol endzaweni.

Tincazelo

Liphepha Lekulawula Lizinga