I-Glyphosate: Ikhemikhali Lesetjentiswa Kakhulu - Lebalulekile Yekulima
Tindzawo Letinkhulu Tesicelo
Ekulime, i-glyphosate ngumutsi wekubulala titjalo loyinhloko. Isebenta ngekuvimbela i-enzyme ye-EPSPS etitjalweni. Le enzyme ibalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kwema amino acid lanephunga, labalulekile ekukhuleni kwesitjalo kanye nekutfutfuka. Ngekuvimba le enzyme, iglyphosate iphazamisa tindlela tekugaya letijwayelekile telukhula, lokuholela ekubuneni kwalo kancane kancane kanye nekufa. Imvelo yayo lehlelekile ivumela kutsi imunywe ngemacembe bese ihanjiswa kuso sonkhe sitjalo, ngemphumelelo kubulala kokubili lokungetulu - lokuphansi kanye nalokuphansi kwemhlabatsi kwelikhula, kufaka timphandze. Loku kwenta kutsi kusebente kakhulu ekulawuleni likhula lelihlala njalo lelilukhuni kulicedza.
iGlyphosate ihambisana netinhlelo tetintjalo letehlukahlukene. Etitjalweni letiguculwe ngekwelijini (GM) letakhiwe kutsi tibe ne glyphosate - letibeketelele, njenge soybeans, ummbila, kanye nakotini, kungafafatwa ngco ngetulu kwetintjalo letikhulako kwentela kulawula likhula ngaphandle kwekulimata sitjalo sona. Loku kugucule indlela yekulima, kuvumela kulawula likhula ngendlela lephumelelako futsi ngesikali lesikhulu, kunciphisa sidzingo sekulima ngemishini kanye nekunciphisa kuguguleka kwemhlabatsi. Ngekwengeta, etitjalweni letingekho ku GM, iglyphosate ingasetjentiswa ngaphambi kwekutjala noma ngemuva kwekuvuna kulawula likhula, kulungisa umhlabatsi wekuhlwanyela noma kucinisekisa kutsi tindzawo letivunwe tihlala tite likhula.
Ngale kwekulima, iGlyphosate iphindze itfole kusetjentiswa etindzaweni letingasiwo tintjalo. Isetjentiselwa kulawula likhula etindzaweni tetimboni, eceleni kwemigwaco, emaceleni etitimela, kanye naseceleni kwekufakwa kwetinsita. Ngekugcina letindzawo tingabi netitjalo letingafuneki, kusita ekugcineni sakhiwonchanti, kunciphisa bungoti bemlilo, futsi kwenta ncono kuphepha.
Noma kunetinzuzo letiningi, i-glyphosate beyiyintfo lephikisanako. Kuphakanyiswe kukhatsateka mayelana nemtselela wayo longaba khona emvelweni nasemphilweni yebantfu. Letinye tifundvo tikhombise kutsi kungenteka kutsi kukhona kuhlobana netindzaba letitsite tetemphilo, noma nje kuvumelana kwesayensi ngaletindzaba kusahlukene. Ngenca yaloko, tiphatsimandla letilawulako emhlabeni wonkhe betisolo tigadza kakhulu kusetjentiswa kwayo, tisebentisa imitsetfo lecinile ngemazinga ekusetjentiswa kwayo, tinyatselo tekuphepha, kanye netidzingo tekulebula.
Ekugcineni, iGlyphosate kumele igcinwe endzaweni lepholile, leyomile, khashane nekukhanya kwelilanga lokucondzile kanye netintfo letingahambisani. Uma usebentisa i-glyphosate, tintfo tekutivikela letifanele, njengemaglavu, emagogolosi, kanye netimphahla tekuvikela, kumele tigcotjwe kwentela kuvikela kuchayeka. Ngekwengeta, kulahla kahle noma ngumuphi umkhicito noma emaphakethe langasetjentiswa kubalulekile kwentela kugwema kungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Tincazelo
| Ligama Lemkhicito | I-Glyphosate | |||||||||
| Ifomula Yemakhemikhali | C3H9 CHA5P | |||||||||
| Sisindvo Semamolekhyuli | 169.07 | |||||||||
| Kuvela | emaphuphu lamhlophe | |||||||||
| Liphuzu Lekuncibilika | 230°C | |||||||||
| Kuminyana | 1.747 g/sentimitha3 | |||||||||
| CAS CHA | 1071 - 83 - 6 | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 29319000.9 | |||||||||
| CHA | 213 - 997 - 4 | |||||||||
| Sicelo | Kulawula likhula lekulima, kulawulwa kwelikhula emhlabatsini longalinywa . | |||||||||
Liphepha Lekulawula Lizinga
| Ligama Lemkhicito | I-Glyphosate | ||||||
| INTFO | LINANI LELIJWAYELEKILE (%) | LINANI LEKUVIVINYWA (%) | |||||
| Ingcenye yebukhulu be-Glyphosate % | ≥95.0 | 95.60% | |||||
| Ingcenye yesisindvo se-formaldehyde g/kg | ≤ 1.2 | 0.2 | |||||
| I-sodium hydroxide intfo lengancibiliki g/kg | ≤ 0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
| Ingcenye yesisindvo se-nitrosoglyphosate mg/kg | ≤ 1.0 | 0.30% | |||||
Ngalokufishane
Ngalokufishane, iglyphosate, noma kunetinkhulumomphikiswano letichubekako letiphatselene nekusetjentiswa kwayo, ihlala iyikhemikhali lebalulekile ekulimeni kwesimanje kanye nekulawula likhula lelingasiyo inhlanyelo. Kusebenta kwayo, kusebenta ngetindlela letiningi, kanye nemtselela ekusebentiseni kahle kwekulima kwenta kutsi ibe neligalelo lelikhulu ekukhiciteni kudla emhlabeni wonkhe. Njengoba lucwaningo luchubeka futsi imitsetfo iyagucuka, likusasa le glyphosate kungenteka kutsi lifaka ekhatsi kulinganisa emkhatsini wetinzuzo tayo kanye nemitamo yekubhekana nekukhatsateka lokuhambisanako.