Umhlaba wonkhe - I-TDI Ndvunankhulu: Ibhulokhi Yekwakha Lebalulekile Embonini Ye-Polyurethane

Timphahla Letibonakalako Netemakhemikhali

Kubukeka Neliphunga: I-TDI ivame kwetfula njengentfo lengenambala lebonakalako noma lephuti kancane, levutsako kakhulu. Ikhipha liphunga lelibuhlungu, lelicinile, futsi lelicasulako lelihlukile, lelisebenta njengenkhomba lebalulekile yekuzwa yekubakhona kwayo.
Kuncibilika kanye nekuphendvula: Ingahlanganiswa kalula netinhlobonhlobo tetinhlayiya letiphilako letifana ne-ethanol (ngekubola), i-diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, i-diethyl ether, i-acetone, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-benzene, i-chlorobenzene, i-kerosene, kanye ne oyili yemncumo. Lenye yetintfo tayo letinetimphawu temakhemikhali kusebenta kwayo nemanti, kusebenta lokukhicita igesi ye-carbon dioxide. Ngetulu kwaloko, i-TDI ingaphendvula ngekushesha nemakhompawundi lacuketse ema-athomu e-hydrogen lasebentako, imphahla lesetjentiswa etinchubeni letinyenti tetimboni.
Tintfo Letibalulekile Letibonakalako: iTDI inendzawo yekubila lecishe ibe ngu 247°C, lekhombisa lizinga lekushisa lapho khona igucuka khona kusuka ekubeni nguketshezi kuya esimeni segesi ngaphansi kwemfutfo wemoya lowetayelekile. Indzawo yayo yekuncibilika isuka ku 19.5 kuya ku 21.5°C, lokukhombisa lizinga lekushisa lelingaphansi lapho icina khona. Liphuzu lekukhanya kwe TDI ngu 127°C, lokusho kutsi kulelizinga lekushisa, lingakhicita umhwamuko lovutsako lapho kunemtfombo wekuvutsa. Ngekucina lokuhlobene kwa 1.217, kucina kakhulu kunemanti, lokunemiphumela yekuphatsa kwayo kanye nekuhlukaniswa etimeni tetimboni kanye netemvelo.

Tindzawo Tekufaka Sicelo

Kukhicitwa kwegwebu le-polyurethane: I-TDI litje lekusimisa ekukhiciteni emagwebu e-polyurethane, lasetjentiswa kakhulu etimbonini letinyenti. Emkhakheni wefenisha, emagwebu lathambile e-polyurethane lentiwe nge-TDI yintfo lekhetsiwe yekwakha imicamelo lekhululekile nalesekelako kumasofa, etihlalweni tekuhlala, kanye nakumamatiresi. Emkhakheni wetimoto, lamagwebu asetjentiswa etihlalweni tetimoto, aniketa indvudvuto nekuphepha ngekutsi atsatse kutfutfumela ngesikhatsi ushayela. Ngekwengeta, iTDI - lesekelwe ku polyurethane foams isetjentiswa ekusebentiseni kwekuvikela, njengasemafrijini kanye netintfo tekwakha tekuvikela, ngenca yetintfo tawo letinhle kakhulu tekuvikela kushisa.
Tintfo Tekugcobisa kanye Netinamatseli: TDI udlala indzima lebalulekile ekwakhiweni lokusezingeni leliphakeme - kusebenta coatings kanye nekunamatsela. Emkhakheni wekugcobisa, ema polyurethanes lasekelwe ku TDI asetjentiswa kwenta tintfo leticinile, letimelana nekuklwebheka, kanye nekumelana nemakhemikhali etinhlobonhlobo tetintfo letiphansi, kufaka ekhatsi tinsimbi, emapulasitiki, kanye netigodvo. Letindvwangu tisetjentiswa ekucedzeni timoto, kugcobisa phansi, kanye nekugcobisa imishini yetimboni. Emakethe yetinamatseli, iTDI - lecuketse tinamatseli tiyabaluleka ngemandla ato ekubopha lacinile. Tisetjentiswa ekuhlanganiseni ifenisha, ekubopheni tincenye tetimoto, kanye nasembonini yekwakha yekuhlanganisa tintfo letehlukahlukene tekwakha.
Kukhicita i-elastomer: I-TDI isetjentiselwa kukhicita ema-elastomer e-polyurethane, lahlanganisa timphawu tenjoloba kanye nepulasitiki. Lama elastomers atfola kusetjentiswa etindzaweni letiningi, njengekukhicita tinyawo teticatfulo, lapho khona aniketa kugucugucuka lokuhle kakhulu, kucina, kanye nekutsatsa kushaywa. Tiphindze tisetjentiswe ekwakhiweni kwetimphawu tetimboni kanye nema gaskets, lapho khona kumelana kwato nemakhemikhali, kuhlaselwa, kanye nekushisa lokusetulu kwenta kutsi tilungele kusetjentiswa etindzaweni letilukhuni.

Tindlela Tekulungiselela

Tindlela tekukhicita i-Phosgen yesintfu
2,4 - Umzila we-Amino Toluene: Lenchubo icala ngekuncibilikisa 2,4 - amino toluene bese iyancibilikisa ku chlorobenzene. Lesixazululo sibese sisabela nge phosgene ngendlela lembili - tinyatselo. Kwekucala, kuphendvula lokuphansi - lokushisa kwenteka ngaphakatsi kwelizinga lekushisa lelingu 35 - 45°C. Ngemuva kwaloko, kuphendvula lokusetulu - lokushisa kwenteka ngesikhatsi sekushisa ngaphansi kwa 130°C. Ngemuva kwekutsi lokuphendvula sekuphelile, igesi ye nitrogen yetfulwa kwentela kukhipha noma nguyiphi ihydrogen chloride lengakaphendvulwa kanye ne phosgene lengetulu. Le chlorobenzene ibese iyahlungwa, bese sinyatselo sekugcina sifaka ekhatsi kuhlungwa nge vacuum kwentela kutfola iTDI lehlantekile.
Indlela ye Nitro Toluene: Ngalendlela, initro toluene icala ngekuhlanganiswa bese iyancishiswa kwentela kutfola 2,4 - diaminotoluene. Loku lokusemkhatsini kubese kutsatfwa nge phosgenation, lapho khona kuhlangana ne phosgene kwenta iTDI. Le ngcucuko yekuphendvula ibese iyacutshungulwa kwentela kwehlukanisa nekuhlanta umkhicito we TDI.
Letinye Tindlela Letivelako
Tindlela Letingasiwo - Te-Phosgene: Eminyakeni yamuva, kube nekugcila lokukhulako ekwakheni tindlela letingekho ku - phosgene kwentela kukhicita iTDI ngemtamo wekunciphisa umtselela wemvelo lohlobene nekusetjentiswa kwe phosgene. Sibonelo, lolunye lucwaningo luhlola kusetjentiswa kwaletinye tindlela tekuphendvula kanye netimo tekuphendvula kwenta iTDI ngaphandle kwesidzingo se phosgene. Nomakunjalo, letindlela tisesesigabeni sekutfutfuka futsi atikafinyeleli kwemukelwa lokukhulu kwekutsengisa.

Tinyatselo tekuvikela

Tingoti Temphilo: TDI umhwamuko kuletsa bungoti lobukhulu emphilweni yebantfu. Kucasula kakhulu emehlweni, sikhumba, kanye nemgudvu wekuphefumula. Kuchayeka sikhatsi lesidze noma kuphindzaphindza kungaholela etinkingeni letimatima tetemphilo, kufaka tinkinga tekuphefumula letifana ne bronchitis, sifuba somoya - njengetimphawu, futsi ngalesinye sikhatsi, ngisho netimo letimbi kakhulu letifana ne bronchiectasis kanye nesifo senhlitiyo yemaphaphu. Sibonelo, emagundvwane lachayeka ekugcizeleleni lokusesigabeni se (0.5 - 1)×10−6 emahora lasitfupha ngelilanga, ngetulu kwemalanga langu 5 - 10, akhonjiswe kutsi ancoba imiphumela leyingoti. Kubantfu, kuphefumula emazinga laphansi njenga 0.0005mg/L kungabangela kukhwehlela lokukhulu kanye nekuphelelwa ngumoya.

Tingoti Tekuvutsa Nekuqhuma: I-TDI intfo levutsako, futsi umhwamuko wayo ungakha tihlanganisi letiqhumako nemoya. Uma uchayeka emalangabini lavulekile, tinhlansi, noma kushisa lokusetulu, kunengoti lenkhulu yekushisa kanye nekuqhuma. Ngakoke, tindlela tekugcina kanye nekuphatsa letifanele tibalulekile kuvikela tingoti letinjalo.
Kugcina Nekuphatsa: iTDI kumele igcinwe endzaweni lepholile, lenemoya lokahle - lekhashane nekukhanya kwelanga lokucondzile, imitfombo yekushisa, kanye nemitfombo yekuvutsa. Letitja tekugcina kumele tivalwe kahle kwentela kuvikela kuvuza kwemphunga. Ngekubuka kutsi iyasebenta nemanti kanye naletinye tintfo, kumele igcinwe ngekwehlukana netintfo letingakhona kusebentisana nayo, njenge oxidizing agents. Ngesikhatsi sekuphatsa, tintfo tekutivikela letifanele, kufaka ekhatsi emagilavu ​​lamelana nemakhemikhali, emagogolosi ekuphepha, kanye nekuvikela kuphefumula, kumele kugcotjwe kwentela kunciphisa bungoti bekuchayeka.

Tincazelo

Liphepha Lekulawula Lizinga