Bisphenol A (BPA): Umakhi Lomcoka Wetintfo Letisetulu - Tekusebenta
Kuhlatiya ngalokujulile Timphahla Letisisekelo Temtimba Nemakhemikhali .
Isakhiwo Semamolekhyuli Lesehlukile: Le molecule ye BPA yakhiwe ngemacembu lamabili e phenolic hydroxyl lahlanganiswe nesicumbi se propane. Lesi sakhiwo sinika umsebenti lokhetsekile wemakhemikhali. Lamacembu lamabili e-phenolic hydroxyl aniketa i-BPA i-nucleophilicity lecinile, leyenta kutsi ikhone kusebenta netinhlobonhlobo tetinhlanganisela. Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, le propane skeleton iniketa le molecule ngesilinganiso lesitsite sekucina kanye nekuvimbela kwe steric, lokunemtselela ekukhetseni kanye nemsebenti we BPA ekuphendvuleni kwemakhemikhali lehlukene.
Timphahla letibonakalako: iBPA inendzawo yekuncibilika lengu 158 - 159°C, indzawo yekubila lephakeme lefika ku 400.8°C, kanye nekucina lokucishe kube ngu 1.195g/cm3. Tindzawo tayo letisetulu tekuncibilika kanye nekubila ticinisekisa kusimamisa kwayo ngaphansi kwekushisa lokujwayelekile kanye nekucindzeteleka, ngesikhatsi kucina kwayo lokufanele kudlala indzima etimeni tekusebenta letidzinga kucina kwetintfo letitsite, njengekulungiselela emapulasitiki latsite kanye nema-resin, lapho khona timphawu tekucina te-BPA tingatsintsa timphawu temtimba kanye nekucubungula umkhicito wekugcina. Incibilika kancane ku carbon tetrachloride, incibilika kancane emantini, kepha incibilika etinhlayiya letehlukene letivamile tetilwane, futsi lesici sekuncibilika sincuma umsebenti wayo wekuphendvula kanye netindlela tekusebentisa etinhlelo letehlukene tetinhlayiya.
Lifomu Lekuhlola Lizinga Le-Bisphenol A
| Hlatiya | Lokukodvwa | Kucaciswa | Umphumela | Indlela Yekuhlola |
| Kuvela | / | Tinhlavu letimhlophe noma letinemacembe, Ngaphandle kwekungcola kwemshini | Tinhlavu letimhlophe, Ngaphandle kwekungcola kwemshini | 28113-2011 |
| I-Bisphenoli A | Ngekhatsi/% | ≥99.85 | 99.925 | 28113-2011 |
| Iphenoli | Ngekhatsi/% | ≤ 0.005 | 0.001 | 28113-2011 |
| 2,4-Isome | Ngekhatsi/% | ≤ 0.050 | 0.01 | 28113-2011 |
| Liphuzu Lelikhristalu | °C | ≥156.6 | 157.2 | 28113-2011 |
| I-Chroma Lencibilikile | Libala, i-Pt-Co (Iyunithi ye-Hazen) | ≤20 | 10 | 28113-2011 |
| Sisombululo se-Chroma | Libala, i-Pt-Co (Iyunithi ye-Hazen) | / | 5 | 28113-2011 |
| Kutsamba | Ngekhatsi/% | ≤ 0.08 | 0.02 | 6283-2008 |
Ticelo Letibalulekile Etinsimini Letinyenti
Kukhicita Emapulasitiki Ne-Resin:
Kukhicita iPolycarbonate (PC): iBPA nguyona ndlela lebalulekile yekuhlanganisa iPolycarbonate (PC). iPolycarbonate igcamile etindzaweni letiningi ngenca yekubonakala kwayo lokuhle kakhulu (kukhanya lokudluliswako ngetulu kwa 90%), kumelana nemtselela lomkhulu (250 - 300 tikhatsi tengilazi levamile), kusimama lokuhle kwetilinganiso, kanye nekumelana nekushisa (kushisa kwekuhlaneketela kushisa kufika ku 130 - 140°C). Emkhakheni we-elekthronikhi kanye negezi, i-PC isetjentiswa kakhulu kukhicita emakheyisi emakhompyutha, emakhalekhikhini, kanye naleminye imikhicito ye-elekthronikhi, lengagcini nje ngekuniketa kuvikeleka lokutsembekile kwetincenye tekuciniseka tangekhatsi kepha futsi kutfutfukisa kuncintisana kwemakethe kwemikhicito ngenca yekubukeka kwayo lokuhle kanye nekubukeka lokuhle. Emkhakheni wetimoto, i-PC isetjentiselwa kwenta timbonyo temalambu etimoto, emaphaneli etintfo tekusebenta, kanye naletinye tintfo. Kudluliswa lokusetulu kwekukhanya kwetimbonyo temalambu lahamba embili kucinisekisa kukhanya kwekushayela ebusuku, kantsi kusimamisa kwebukhulu bemaphaneli etintfo tekusebenta kucinisekisa kuhlangana lokucondzile kanye nekutsembeka kwekusetjentiswa kwesikhatsi lesidze kwetincenye. Emkhakheni wekwakha, iPC - leyentiwe ngemaphaneli ekukhanya kwelilanga, ema canopies ekukhanyisa, kanye naleminye imikhicito isetjentiswa kakhulu etakhini temmango letifana nema shopping mall lamakhulu kanye netinkhundla ngenca yekumelana kwawo lokuhle kakhulu nemtselela kanye nekudluliswa kwekukhanya, kwenta tindzawo tangekhatsi letikhanyako naletiphephile.
Kuhlanganiswa kwe Epoxy Resin: iBPA iphindze ibe yi monomer lebalulekile yekulungisa ema resin e epoxy. Ema resin e Epoxy anekunamatsela lokuhle kakhulu futsi angabopha ngalokucinile tintfo letehlukene letifana netinsimbi, tigodvo, kanye nengilazi, ngako atsatsa sikhundla lesibalulekile emkhakheni wekunamatsela. Emkhakheni we-aerospace, epoxy - based adhesives isetjentiselwa kubopha tincenye tesakhiwo setindizamshini kucinisekisa bucotfo kanye nekuphepha kwesakhiwo setindizamshini ngaphansi kwetimo letiyinkimbinkimbi tekundiza. Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, ema resin epoxy anekumelana lokuhle nekugcola kwemakhemikhali kanye nekuvikela futsi asetjentiswa kakhulu etintfweni tekupakisha te-elekthronikhi kanye nekugcobisa. Sibonelo, emabhodi esifundza lasetintfweni te-elekthronikhi avame kuhlanganiswa nema-resin e-epoxy kute kuvikelwe tincenye te-elekthronikhi ekugugulekeni kwemvelo kwangaphandle futsi kwentiwe ncono kusimamisa kanye nemphilo yekusebenta kwetintfo te-elekthronikhi. Esicini sekugcobisa, kugcobisa kwe epoxy resin kusetjentiselwa kuvikela indzawo yensimbi, lekungamelana ngemphumelelo nekugcola kwetintfo temakhemikhali letifana ne esidi kanye ne alkalis futsi kwenta sikhatsi sekusebenta kwemikhicito yensimbi sibe sidze.
Letinye Ticelo Temakhemikhali Lacolile:
Kuhlanganiswa kwetintfo letivimbela lilangabi: Tintfo letivimbela lilangabi letifana ne tetrabromobisphenol A tingahlanganiswa kusuka ku BPA. Kwengeta tintfo letivimbela lilangabi kubaluleke kakhulu etimbonini letifana nemikhicito yepulasitiki kanye netindvwangu. Emikhicitweni yepulasitiki, tintfo letivimbela lilangabi tinganciphisa ngemphumelelo kuvutsa kwetintfo. Uma ihlangabetana nemtfombo wemlilo, igesi lebolile lengavutsi noma le carbonaceous layer leyakhiwe lekhicitwa tintfo letivimbela lilangabi ingavimba kudluliswa kwe oxygen kanye nekushisa futsi ivimbele kusakateka kwekushisa. Sibonelo saloko kutsi, kwengeta tintfo letivimbela lilangabi emapulasitiki emikhicito ye-elekthronikhi neyagezi kunganciphisa kakhulu ingoti yemlilo futsi kuvikele timphilo nemphahla yebantfu. Etindvwangu, kusetjentiswa kwetintfo letivimbela lilangabi kungenta timphahla tingashisi kakhulu uma tihlangana nemtfombo wemlilo futsi kunciphise kulimala lokubangelwa kushiswa kwetimphahla emlilweni.
Ema Antioxidants kanye Nekucinisa Kushisa: iBPA ingasetjentiswa njenge antioxidant kanye nekucinisa kushisa kuleminye imikhicito yepulasitiki kanye nerabha. Ngesikhatsi sekucubungula emapulasitiki, tintfo letifana nekushisa lokusetulu kanye nemoya-mpilo kuholela kalula ekugugeni kwemapulasitiki kanye nekuwohloka, lokutsintsa kusebenta kwemkhicito kanye nemphilo yekusebenta. Njenge antioxidant, iBPA ingabamba ema radicals lakhululekile eluhlelweni lwemapulasitiki, ivikele kudluliselwa kwemaketanga ekuphendvula kwe oxidation, futsi ibambelele inchubo yekuguga kwemapulasitiki. Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, njengekusimamisa kushisa, iBPA ingakhulisa kusimama kwemapulasitiki etindzaweni letinekushisa lokusetulu - futsi ivikele emapulasitiki kutsi angaboli, angagucuki umbala, kanye naletinye tinkinga ngesikhatsi sekucubungula noma kusetjentiswa. Emikhicitweni yenjoloba, iBPA ingaphindze idlale indzima lefanako, kwenta ncono kushisa kanye nekumelana nekuguga kwemoya-mpilo wenjoloba kanye nekukhulisa imphilo yekusebenta kwemikhicito yenjoloba lefana nemathayi etimoto kanye netimphawu tenjoloba.
Timphikiswano Tekuphepha Netimphendvulo Temboni
Kuhlola Tingoti Temphilo: iBPA inelizinga lelitsite lebuthi lobuphansi futsi ingafuduka futsi igucuke endzaweni kanye nasemtimbeni wemuntfu. Inani lelikhulu letifundvo likhombise kutsi iBPA inemiphumela lefana ne estrogen futsi ingaphazamisa luhlelo lwe endocrine lwemuntfu. Ikakhulukati kubantfwana labancane, kutfutfuka kweluhlelo lwabo lwekuzala kungatsintseka, lokuholele ekuguleni lokuhlobene neluhlelo lwekuzala. Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, iBPA ingaphindze ibangele kumelana ne insulin, lokuholela etinkingeni temphilo letifana nashukela lophakeme kanye nekukhuluphala. Lokunye kuhlolwa kwetilwane kukhombise kutsi tilwane letihlolwako letichayekile ku BPA sikhatsi lesidze tinekutfutfuka kwetitfo tekuzala letingakavami kanye netingucuko tekutiphatsa. Noma lucwaningo ngemtselela we BPA emphilweni yebantfu lusachubeka, emave lamanyenti atsatse tinyatselo tekunciphisa kusetjentiswa kwe BPA emikhicitweni letsite ngenca yekukhatsateka ngebungoti bemphilo.
Tinyatselo Temboni Nekutfutfukiswa Kwekulandzela: Ngenca yekuphikisana ngekuphepha kwe-BPA, emave lamanyenti kanye netifundza emhlabeni wonkhe jikelele tilandzelane tetfule imitsetfo lefanele yekunciphisa kusetjentiswa kwayo. Nga 2011, Litiko Letemphilo lase China kanye nalamanye ematiko lasitfupha akhipha umtsetfo wekuvimbela kusetjentiswa kwe BPA ekukhiciteni, ekungeniseni, kanye nasekutsengiseni emabhodlela elubisi lwebantfwana. Emave netifundza letifana ne United States, Canada, kanye ne European Union nato tibeke umkhawulo wekulandzelana wekuvimbela kusetjentiswa kwe BPA ekupakisheni kudla, imikhicito yetinswane, kanye naletinye tindzawo. Ngekubhekana naletidzingo tekulawula, lemboni ihlola ngenkhutsalo letinye tindlela te-BPA, njenge-bisphenol S (BPS) kanye ne-diphenyl sulfone. Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, emabhizinisi ekukhicita ayachubeka nekutfutfukisa tinchubo tekukhicita kanye nekucinisa kulawula lizinga kwentela kunciphisa linani lekufuduka kwe-BPA kanye nekuhlangabetana nemazinga ekulawula lacinile kakhulu kanye netidzingo tebatsengisi tekuphepha kwemkhicito ngesizatfu sekucinisekisa kusebenta kwemkhicito. Enchubeni yekukhicita i-polycarbonate kanye ne-epoxy resins, emabhizinisi enta ncono lizinga lekuguculwa kwe-BPA futsi anciphise i-BPA lesele lengakaphendvulwa emikhicitweni ngekutfutfukisa timo tekuphendvula kanye nekusebenta kahle kwetinhlelo te-catalyst.
Tincazelo
| Ligama Lemkhicito | I-Bisphenoli A | |||||||||
| Ifomula Yemakhemikhali | C15H16O2 | |||||||||
| Sisindvo Semamolekhyuli | 228.29 g/moli | |||||||||
| Kuvela | Impuphu lemhlophe lefana nekristalu | |||||||||
| Liphuzu Lekuncibilika | 155-158°C | |||||||||
| Liphuzu Lekubila | 250-252°C | |||||||||
| CAS CHA | 80-05-70. | |||||||||
| Ikhodi ye-HS | 29072990 | |||||||||
| CHA | 201-240-42. | |||||||||
| Sicelo | Ihlanganisa emapulasitiki, tintfo letivimbela lilangabi, imitsi; isetjentiswa ekugcokeni/ekunamatseleni. | |||||||||
Liphepha Lekulawula Lizinga
| Ligama Lemkhicito | I-Bisphenoli A | ||||||
| INTFO | LINANI LELIJWAYELEKILE (%) | LINANI LEKUVIVINYWA (%) | |||||
| Bisphenol A Kuhlanteka wt. | Sincane 99.85 | 99.93 | |||||
| Umbala APHA | Max 5 | 5 | |||||
| I-Phenol mg/kg | Max 100 | 56 | |||||
| I-phenol yamahhala wt. % | 1000 kakhulu | 230 | |||||
| Emanti wt. % | Sikhulu 0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
| Umlotsa mg/kg | Max 5 | 0 | |||||
| Insimbi mg/kg | Sikhulu 0.1 | 0.03 | |||||
Kungani Sikhetsa I-BPA Yetfu?
Sizimisele kuniketa imikhicito ye-BPA lesezingeni leliphakeme futsi lecinile. Njalo sixhumanisi kusuka ekutsengeni tintfo letiluhlata kuya ekukhiciteni nasekucubunguleni kulandzelela tinhlelo tekulawula lizinga leticinile kucinisekisa kutsi imikhicito inebumsulwa lobusetulu, kungcola lokuncane, futsi tonkhe tinkhomba tihlangabetana nemazinga lasetulu embonini. Sinelicembu le-R & D lebungcweti lelinganiketa tisombululo letikhetsekile ngekuya kwetidzingo letehlukene temakhasimende kusita emakhasimende kutsi atfole tintfo letinsha kanye nekutfutfuka emikhakheni lefana nemapulasitiki, ema-resin, kanye nemakhemikhali lamahle. Ngesikhatsi lesifanako, sinemakhono ekulawula umjikeleto wekuphakela losebenta kahle kucinisekisa kuphakelwa kwemikhicito ngesikhatsi lesifanele futsi lokucinile kute kuhlangabetwe netidzingo temakhasimende tekukhicita ngesikali lesikhulu. Emlandvweni wemboni yekuphikisana kwekuphepha kwe-BPA, sinaka ngenkhutsalo kugucugucuka kwekulawula, sichubeke sitjale imali emitfonjeni ye-R & D, futsi sikhutsate kutfutfukiswa lokuluhlata nalokuphephile kwetinchubo tekukhicita kuniketa emakhasimende imikhicito lehambisanako naletsembekile.
Khetsa i-BPA yetfu, hlanganisa tandla kwenta impumelelo lechubekako emkhakheni wetintfo letisezingeni lelisetulu - letisebenta kahle, ubhekane netinsayeya, futsi udale linani lelikhulu.